Fact #3: In both testaments, the Bible clearly condemns drunkenness (e.g., Prov. Wine can represent love between neighbors and the good of faith. Alban was the preferred wine among the ancient elite, considered perfect if kept for 15 years (the earliest incarnation of ageing technology), while Setinum was considered the best of the best, favoured by Augustus. Wine shows up several times in the Gospel narratives. Ancient wine was massive, round, and juicy in size and shape. Editors Note: In a future article, we will compare New Testament wine to modern alcoholic beverages. The wines presently produced in Israel are done so in one of five regions: Galilee, Shomron, Samson, Negev, and Judean Hills. Wine from the biblical era was much weaker than today's. Wine's alcohol content remained lower than modern-day spirits due to the lack of sugar and yeast at the time. Thats the party to invite others to (Luke 15:1-10). strong convictions about drinking alcohol. 5:18) and even insists that drunkenness is inconsistent with an authentic Christian lifestyle (1 Cor. But the alcohol content was negligible by modern standards. We saw [], Fly Me to the Moon: Missional Ventures in Outer Space. The New Testament clearly prohibits drunkenness (Eph. So on average, the wine in the Bible had an alcohol content of around 10%. Listen to Plato on Homer. Did Jesus drink wine? This may not be a New Testament command today but who would deny that it is the wisdom of God? Second, ancient wine was normally diluted. Perry Stone shared a little history about wine.. he found that their water was not suitable to drink.. so drinking wine was the alternative, with its bacteria killing properties.. This was very likely the commonly accepted dilution rate among Jews of the NT era as well. Some Scriptures discuss alcohol in positive terms. (LogOut/ The wedding celebration wasnt over yet, and the host ran out of wine. Festival. Ecclesiastes 9:7 instructs, "Drink your wine with a merry heart." Psalm 104:14-15 states that God gives wine "that makes glad the heart of men." Amos 9:14 discusses drinking wine from your own vineyard as a sign of God's blessing. Slow reaction time. Biblical Response: Dr. Lackey is correct that this passage refers to alcoholic wine since all the passages in the Bible that refer to wine are referring to alcoholic wine. Quite frankly, I do not believe this piece of information and I think a scholar should give some documentation to support such a statement. Several times in the first books of the Bible, wine and strong drink are prohibited to those who take a Nazarite vow (cf. Today, a "low alcohol" wine is considered anything that would have met the maximum level for biblical wineabout 10 percent ABV. This position is based primarily on the following arguments: (a) While it is true that wine during biblical times was normally watered down (if it wasnt, it was called strong drink Deuteronomy 14:26), that which was consumed was nevertheless intoxicating if one consumed a sufficient amount. A constructive warning is expressed in Proverbs 20:1, "Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.". There are indications of water that was poor, but many more examples of good drinking water. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise them up at the last day. We have already seen that the ancients did drink to excess and this would include Jews and Christians. As mentioned above, wine signifies the good of mutual love and of faith, we see another example of this in John. Specifically, regarding Jesus drinking wine, what do we see in the Gospels? If the wine was in fact wine and not grape juice, then it obviously had some sort of alcohol content. However, it is believed that the alcohol content in these wines was much lower than what we are used to today. In some passages, it was even used for medicinal purposes. First Century We should be sensitive to diverse perspectives, remembering not to judge Gods servants if they differ on food and drink details (Romans 14:17). Wine could not inflame the Jews without rising early and continuing until night. Therefore, strong drink is not 150 proof Whiskey. Important for the discussion is the example of Jesus. That celebration is within the context of a story of hardship and pain and Gods faithfulness and deliverance and power (the event of Israel being freed from the slavery of Egypt). 2. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. The wine was of such poor quality that when Arab tribes took over Israel in the Moslem Conquest of 636, putting a stop to local wine production for 1,200 years, disappointment didnt exactly ferment. Drunkenness leads to bad decisions that have consequences. To summarize this first point: there was simple grape juice in the ancient world. It is much lower than the alcohol content of wine in use today, which typically ranges between 15% and 25%. The relatively little that was produced was consumed locally, and because wine was needed for Christian sacraments, it was for the most part the produce of ecclesiastical foundations. Was there alcohol in the wine in the Bible? Hence, the Scripture says, "Drink no longer water, but use a little wine for the stomach's sake and thine often infirmities." (I Timothy 5:23). * (*download the PDF version of this article for footnotes and references) Many Christians have strong convictions about drinking alcohol, with a wide and varied spectrum in different traditions and denominations. He eventually does, going into a storage area where there were large cisterns of water for washing, also culturally important for the cleanliness of the Old Covenant Law. Another question that often arises in regards to wine in the Bible and Christs consumption is its alcoholic strength. More than that, the wine was protected from contamination because it was valued. Wines that are Mevushal are subject to an additional step on the Kosher agenda. One such anachronism relates to modern Christian views of alcohol. He would never have done so if alcohol were a sinful substance never to be consumed. Todays alcoholic content does not require anyone tarrying more than a few drinks to get drunk. The world drinks to get drunk, forget its problems and satisfy its own lusts. For example, God created sex, and intended for it to be a good thing within marriage. I'm not saying we should appreciate the abuse of alcohol. Some people assert that the wine referenced in the Bible was nothing more than nonalcoholic grape juice. However, the wine of the Biblical era was much weaker than the wine we know today. Do not cause anyone to stumble, whether Jews, Greeks or the church of God even as I try to please everyone in every way. The same is true of this new covenant. And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit; (Eph. As a result, at the time of the Bible, red or amber wines were big, round, juicy, austere, and shaped like grapes. The New Testament clearly prohibits drunkenness (Eph. Whether or not Jesus drank wine, and whether or not it was condoned or condemned, is based on a great deal of speculation. The only reference offered by Stein is his personal experience in Greece. High blood pressure. By Dr. Charles L. Quarles In a previous article, we examined the ancient practice of winemaking. The danger of drinking water alone raises another point. In some states, a beverage with the weak alcohol content of New Testament wine is not even considered an alcoholic beverage. For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mothers womb (Luke 1:15). We party in the kingdom because of Gods amazing things. We keep Breast cancer. #8. The biblical references to wine suggest that it was the main alcoholic beverage of the ancient Near East. Here are some biblical examples of wine during sacrifices: With the first lamb offer a tenth of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of oil from pressed olives, and a quarter of a hin of wine as a drink offering. Exodus 29:40, together with its grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with olive oil a food offering presented to the Lord , a pleasing aroma and its drink offering of a quarter of a hin of wine. Leviticus 23:13, then the person who brings an offering shall present to the Lord a grain offering of a tenth of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of olive oil. I have searched the internet and read several sites where water purification is discussed - none of them ever mention using any kind of alcohol to make water drinkable. But it must be remembered that the juice of grapes, under natural circumstances, will have an alcoholic content of 10-17%, thus even a 3:1 ratio would yield a drink of 3-5%, which is similar to an average American beer. For grape juice to exceed 4% alcohol, then the winemaker must add yeast. From there, wild yeast was added and the juice was left to ferment for approximately three days. Determined to let Israeli grapes have their day in the sun, a Jewish activist and philanthropist name Baron Edmond de Rothschild began helping Jews flee oppressors, eventually helping them adapt to their Palestine settlements. While one reason for this was the addition of water, another reason was naturally fermented wine (wine that does not have additives) was the only wine available during this time. The alcoholic content must have been only a fraction of what it is in todays wine. No, the wine in Bible times contained enough alcohol to cause people to get drunk, which would have been more than "a little" alcohol. He has served at SEBTS since 2013. However, the common everyday wine wouldnt have had a high alcoholic content. Wine Strength During this Era. . There are two main views on whether or not wine in the Bible was intoxicating or not intoxicating: This preposition is based mostly on the following arguments: (a) The wine of the First Century was watered down (i.e. Yet, it has so much power that the alcoholic will seek it again. 5:21). Alcohol Content Of Wine In Biblical Times There is no definitive answer to this question as the Bible does not specifically mention the alcohol content of wine in biblical times. Wine in the Bible has many forms of symbolism and significance as well as numerous references. The Bible And Alcohol, Biblical Studies Foundation. Heres What You Can Do About It. This again indicates a very low alcoholic content in the Jewish wine. Clearly, Noah or Lot did not get intoxicated on unfermented drink (Genesis 9:21, 19:32 - 35). 04/13/16 - Alcohol. The ratio of wine to water varied. 5. Around 10% of wine content was considered alcoholic in biblical times. But it would have had a bit of alcohol, hence why Jesus critics could call him a drunk and get away with it. 9. A country known for many things, wine is not necessarily one of them. And I definitely tried to stay away from the girls who did that stuff. In biblical times, water was often scarce, so wine became a necessity, rather than a luxury. Copyright 2023 Church History 101. In the midst of this lengthy discourse on wine Pliny admits, "more labour is spent [on wine] - as if nature had not given us the most healthy of beverages to drink, water, which all other animals make use of" I do not recall Pliny or Columella ever saying anything about using wine to purify water. Copyright 2019 Savor Each Glass 16344 Farmers Mine Road Paonia, Colorado 81428 Return Policy & Event Cancellation Policy, State Accredited Wine School: Sommelier The party is winding down, and maybe theyre trying to get people to go home. Stein comments on this. I learned that avoiding certain things didnt keep me from having fun, probably the opposite, and kept me out of more trouble than I already got into. whoever is led astray by them is not wise.". WINE: MIXED OR FULL STRENGTH? Instead, people argue whether or not the Bible condemns all use of alcohol or whether it condones its use in moderation. How much alcohol was in the wine in the Bible? Answer (1 of 7): The alcoholic content of the wine is only half of the story. My first time to Ecuador I paid the price for failing to heed this warning; I became violently sick for around 24 hours. I have stopped the flow of wine. It was often consumed as part of the every day diet, during times of celebrations, during weddings, as gifts and offerings, and as a symbol of blessing. (b) While the Bible is clear that drunkenness was unacceptable behavior, it was, however, acceptable to drink wine, even with those of the highest standards and believers. Wine, along with grain and oil represented Gods covenant blessings promised to Israel for obedience. Who hath woe? There were several ways in which the ancients could make water safe to drink. Did wine contain alcohol in biblical times? 5 Things You Should Know about the ESV Bible Translation. Even in Biblical times, there are records about alcoholic drinks; the holy book of Christianity suggests that wine should be given to people afflicted with depression. It can be abused or made an idol of and cause a person to make poor decisions or lose control. One would have to drink large amounts to get drunk on a 3% mix. It took a special effort to get drunk in Bible times. Everything we do should be in moderation. Ecclesiastes 9:7 instructs, "Drink your wine with a merry heart." Psalm 104:14-15 states that God gives wine "that makes glad the heart of men." (c) In the New Testament there are additional verses pointing to the misuse of wine. Some texts reference ratios. Why? But what about alcohol? This shows us that the word new wine (oinos) describes what we call grape juice pressed from the grapes. Photo by Sven Wilhelm on Unsplash. The remaining skins were then squeezed in a winepress located near the vineyard to preserve the freshness of the grapes. This verse iterates the reason that God gave grapes: to make wine. who hath babbling? [] a previous article, we examined the ancient practice of winemaking. This indicates a low alcoholic content in old wine. In stopping over the question of wine in biblical times, it is well known that grape juice was a valuable commodity in Middle Eastern society, and a convenience well appreciated in Bible times. From teetotalers that got alcohol banned in Americas Prohibition era to Benedictine monks who made winemaking a core part of financing their monasteries, the church has diverse perspectives on the subject. (For other food symbolism in the Bible, see these posts: whoever is led astray by them is not wise. , Wine can represent love between neighbors and the good of, With the first lamb offer a tenth of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of oil from pressed olives, and a quarter of a. People of the kingdom might also drink wine at Passover like Jesus. Alcohol-related crashes cost taxpayer over $100 billion dollars. History and archeology also show that in ancient times alcoholic wines were commonly diluted before drinking. Yet, when the master of the wedding party tastes the wine, he is surprised that its the best wine hes had. When we look at the Greek word for wine oinos; it is a generic term, which designates the juice of the grape in all it stages. Although alcohol kills bacteria, its low concentration in these beverages would have had only a limited effect. How did ancient Israel make wine? Today's wine is not like biblical wine in regards to alcoholic content. No modern wine could withstand dilution with three parts water. Water diluted it with sugar to make it more . Therefore, the opinion is that, given the technology and the knowledge of the people of the times, when the Bible speaks about wine, it must always be speaking about wine with an alcohol content. Follow my example, as I follow the example of Christ. 1 Corinthians 10:31-11:1. and of having a high alcoholic content. The alcoholic content of their new wine was not like our wine today. Alcohol is defiling our nation. For example, Paul, when writing to Timothy advises: To Timothy my true son in the faith Stop drinking only water, and use a little wine because of your stomach and your frequent illnesses 1 Timothy 5:23. When reading the word "wine" in the Bible, the word may simply refer to grape juice or intoxicating wine not exceeding ~10% . Whether or not Jesus advocated drinking wine, and whether or not the wine he drank was alcoholic, has become a cornerstone in many historical and religious debates. Article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. Gods Word clearly tells us that both drunkenness and gluttony are sinful. This stems from the fact that the Greek word used for "wine" is a word that can also mean grape juice. Revelation 6: 6. It wasn't modern grape juice, which wasn't invented until the Methodist Rev. We cannot live without food, but we can live without drinking alcohol. His concern was to keep wine from spoiling into vinegar and becoming useless as a beverage. From these references, readers learn that wine was made from grapes, figs, dates and pomegranates. To Plutarch's comment - at best, a wide array of variables unrelated to the alcoholic content of wine consumed . Add to this his descriptions of those who abuse wine and promote drunkenness (offending his sense of Stoic ethics) and it becomes obvious that Pliny is not covering the basics in grape juice production. 1 Corinthians 6:12. Paul testified that it was possible to get drunk with wine but it must be an excess of wine. A careful study of the Mishnah and Talmuds shows that the normal dilution rate among the Jews was 3 parts water to 1 part wine. . The yeast added to ancient wines produced between 4-11% alcohol." (bing.com) The bottles sent to Rome, though not lacking flavor, were so thick and so sweet that anyone who didnt have a sweet tooth, or a spoon, wasnt able to consume them. 8. We may assume, then, that all the poets from Homer downwards have no grasp of reality but merely give us superficial representation of any subject they treat. In other words, equivalent to a modern low-alcohol beer. The Bible doesnt say anything about smoking or chewing. Replacing the sweet red wines with lighter, dryer red wines and producing more champagne, the wines of Israel have finally begun to climb up the vine in terms of greatness. Lighting wine with a flame would require around 40% abv - something unachievable through fermentation and requiring distillation. They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine. (Prov 23:29-30). 0.21-0.30 Slurred speech and lack of balance. The first thing Noah does post-flood . Drunkeness is described as tarrying a very long time at the wine, not merely taking a few drinks. 2 Maccabees 15:39 states, It is harmful to drink wine alone, or again, to drink water alone, while wine mixed with water is sweet and delicious and enhances ones enjoyment.. We should dream now about the missional opportunities that are coming. Alcohol content of ancient wine. |. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. . Get Your Bible Minute in Your Inbox Every Morning, I dont drink, cuss, smoke, chew, or run around with women who do.. In ancient times there were not many beverages that were safe to drink. This page/post may contain affiliate links. At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder (Prov 23:31-32). He went to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink. Yes, wine was mixed with water. Certainly, it was fermented and had a modest alcohol content. The issue of alcohol content in wine is an important one. Sodom and Gomorrah are destroyed, and Lot is left alone with his daughters, who have no children. There are a few problems with this citation: first, the characters in Homer's narrative begin by drinking the wine unmixed, then (apparently to make it last longer) they begin diluting it with increasingly greater volumes of water until they reach 20:1. There are two types of Kosher wine: Mevushal and non-Mevushal. Scripture warns us to avoid drunkenness, the danger of living for our own pleasure in drunken parties (Romans 13:13-14). Ancient People of Teotihuacan Drank Alcohol as Nutrient Booster The strongest drink possible in biblical times was not a modern fortified wine with 14-20 percent alcohol content, much less bourbon or tequila at 40-50 percent alcohol content, but naturally fermented wine or beer with a maximum possible alcohol content of 10-11 percent. He was revealing the critics hearts since they attacked him whether he fasted or went around eating with people (sinners especially). Without distillery, which was not in common use until 1,000 years after Christ, the alcoholic content was quite low. He joins us to discuss this topic and why it's not as far-fetched as it might sound. E-mail: abaker@churchhistory101.com. Wine Coolers. 11. Required fields are marked *. Because wine didn't have sugar or yeast added to it at the time, its alcohol content remained lower than that of modern day spirits. They called him a drunk because they saw him drinking wine with sinners. We may think that the Christians in the middle ages were straying in their faith, but they apparently had more faith and understanding concerning alcohol than many of our people today! So what does it mean about the wine of the ancient world that it can be diluted to such an extent and still be "good?" Are You Actually a Christian Apatheist? White, sparkling . from the presses; no one treads them with shouts of joy. The Hebrew word most commonly used in the Old Testament clearly describes alcoholic wine and fresh grape juice. That makes your comment irrelevant; however, I allowed it with the hopes you can go back to read the full article and comment with discernment next time. However, I do have "an axe to grind." This bold claim is precisely the opposite of . The party was going to stop without that wine, at least culturally. To read a very good discussion on this topic by a trained linguistic scholar, see "The Bible and Alcohol," by Daniel B. Wallace, Ph.D. Biblical evidence shows a consistent reference, from cover to cover, that wine is an alcoholic beverage able to make a person drunk with its overuse. The notion of "unfermented wine" in the Bible, comes from American fundamentalist Christians and has no basis in reality. But, those who take an opposing stance state that there are too many Biblical references warning against excessive use of wine. If it was just grape juice, or a wine with virtually no alcohol content, there would be no need for precautions. Small beer and faux wine in particular, were used for this purpose. But, there is a second problem: this citation from Homer is like using The RugRats as a research tool for understanding toddlers. And no one puts new wine into old wineskins; or else the new wine will burst the wineskins and be spilled, and the wineskins will be ruined. He is amazed that it can withstand this kind of dilution. For Jesus himself, we can look at two scriptures that indicate he also drank wine. Water can contain diseases and bacteria. There is ancient evidence that non-alcoholic drinks were still called "wine." In ancient times drinks were called "wine" that ranged anywhere from . 5:18) and even insists that drunkenness is inconsistent with an authentic Christian lifestyle (1 Cor. 3. But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and said unto them, Ye men of Judaea, and all ye that dwell at Jerusalem, be this known unto you, and hearken to my words: For these are not drunken, as ye suppose, seeing it is but the third hour of the day (Acts 2:13-15). However, It is not clear from the evidence how often mixing was done, how much water was used, or how strong the wine was before mixing. (1 Timothy 5:23 No longer drink water exclusively, but use a little wine for the sake of your stomach and your frequent ailments.) who hath contentions? However, other texts show that the New Testament authors approved the use of wine in moderation (1 Tim. Our primary desire should be to glorify God and love others as He loves us. White, dry. Falernian, for example, was a highly-prized wine available to the upper classes with a bulldozing 16% alcohol content. Wine symbolizes blood and the wedding analogy Jesus spoke of at the Last Supper, as well. His current research focuses on the Gospel of Matthew, New Testament textual criticism, and the biblical theology of the work of Christ. Unfortunately, many Christians know little about the ancient Mediterranean world. to do in Grand Junction, Colorado :: Wine & Bike Tours :: Raft Tours :: Vineyard Tours, Colorado: Not Just for Beer Both the production and the quality of wine declined steadily in Europe during the early Middle Ages. If the wine was in fact wine and not grape juice, then it obviously had some sort of alcohol content. Your branches spread as far as the sea they reached as far as Jazer. Some people possess the assumption that when food and drinks are Kosher the taste of the product drastically changes, similar to the way making a hamburger vegetarian forever alters its flavor. Every person is unique and must be free to have their own convictions regarding the matter. Clearly wine today is not the same as wine in the Bible. Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth his colour in the cup, when it moveth itself aright. Typically women and children were not allowed to drink fermented wine, but were instead given grape juice. Contact CH101 Join our exclusive mailing list featuring upcoming classes, area events and wine tips. Instead, Israeli wine was filled with a reputation for being a type of drink someone should put a cork in. Culinary School of the Fermenting a substance such as grape juice kills that bacterium and gives something safe to drink. Even when it comes to food. The symbolism and use of wine in the Bible is significant, as you can see. Wine was also used as a drink offering in the temple service, just as we have seen that beer was used in the presentation of delayed tithe. At the same time, the Bible tells us to live soberly (Titus 2:11-13) and to have self-control (Galatians 5:22-23). Further down the FLSB article says, "The wine of old wasunfermented or fermented stored wine diluted with water at a ratio as high as 20 to 1." With each lamb for the burnt offering or the sacrifice, prepare a quarter of a hin of wine as a drink offering. Hepatitis. whoever is led astray by them is not wise. Proverbs 20:1, And in Ephesians 5:18 (one of my favorites), Do not get drunk on wine, which leads to debauchery. Second, those living in biblical times had developed methods to filter wine . This was a common enough practice that he could make an example out of it. 6:9-11). I will report his response in "Wine in the Ancient World, Part II." Additionally, wine represents joy, celebration, and festivity, expressing the abundant blessings given to us by God. Not until the 12th century did the great wine-growing districts begin to recover. 1 As the great falling away took place (2 Thes 2:3), the use of alcoholic beverages began to regain control. Bible, wine is referred to as the "wine of life" (Leviticus 19:18), and it is also mentioned as a drink for the dead . It would taste, well, watered down. On the other hand, Jesus was critical of drunkenness (Luke 21:34, 12:42; Matthew 24:45-51). The problem is one of emphasis and implication. Ironically, one popular abstentionist argues that the burden of proof should fall on those who claim that Biblical wine contained alcohol. I have an explanation, but that will have to wait for "Wine in the Ancient World, Part II." We saw evidence that the wine ordinarily consumed [], Your email address will not be published. Then the lower freezing point of alcohol which causes Pliny to marvel at how wine could ever freeze. Animated speech. This conclusion is valid IF wine in Bible times had the same alcoholic content that our wine has today. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Quite frankly, I do not believe this piece of information and I think a scholar should give some documentation to support such a statement. Another question that often arises in regards to wine in the Bible and Christ's consumption is its alcoholic strength. Ancient cultures didnt have the technology or information to filter water. Instead, be filled with the Spirit, Ephesians 5:18. This bold claim is precisely the opposite of . Since part of the fruit of the Spirit is self-control, part of being filled with the Spirit will be acting accordingly, not out of control. Peters argument hinges on the new wine being of such a low alcoholic content that it was absolutely impossible for a man to get drunk in three hours. Maybe attitude is what they are looking for? (d) God created many things for us that could be abused or misused. Even ancient pagans considered drinking wine full strength to be a barbaric practice. 16. The reason for this is because wine, until recently, wasnt something Israel brought to the table, proudly placing a bottle between the rolls and potatoes. Can Christians drink alcohol? Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. However, Scripture does not necessarily forbid a Christian from drinking beer, wine, or any other drink containing alcohol. Content that our wine has today tarrying a alcohol content of wine in biblical times long time at the same wine. Self-Control ( Galatians 5:22-23 ) argues that the word New wine ( oinos ) describes what we call juice. 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