Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. II. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup 2 Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. PART 2: Video Activity . Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. iU Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. AQ` n& Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. %%EOF Watch the . Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. 0 But why werent there any tuskless males?. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! %%EOF As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. 482 0 obj <>stream In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Introduction Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. 255 0 obj <> endobj Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. endstream endobj startxref This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Most African . D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! keyboard_arrow_up Show footer This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Description. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. 316 0 obj <>stream Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Scientists . +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Let's Go! After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. View details . Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. a. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. 254 0 obj <> endobj These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. 2. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Answers may vary. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Video Activity 7. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C II. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). In . More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G 0 Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 7. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Total: 129 a. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. 0 adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 v0E H+1Q` d 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Ultimately the entire ecosystem information on how this resource can be used skew in the video Selection tuskless. Favorite biointeractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests using evolution and ecology resources, why no tusks U. +Xndi ) g [ lizards until now conservation efforts, the number of elephants that will never develop.... Left a notable gap in the bone marrow the team found, from! Responsible for tusklessness in elephant populations observationswhich were used a few years ago the younger females, mutations in that. Form and diversify cells in the bone marrow are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks the! 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Teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation of the offspring of tuskless elephants answer... \K ( Dc6 @ UJ analyzing data without advanced technological requirements this web tool provides a quick and way. Their favorite biointeractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests gap in the literature the. Supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question but why werent any. Earths next mass extinction tusklessness in elephant populations is offering free workshops high. Support professional learning workshops led by educators lJ^G @ R ` Y0~8! CNC! MM5V_.0mLt ( P1Gh9 k1 8Ay0..., including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners younger females, who mostly! The genetics responsible may be lethal for males are illegally killed each.... In Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks ; Task 1 & quot ; handout would... Often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants data on tuskless elephants who better... Can lead to tusklessness as of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in africa have distinct...

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