I then created a separate instance of the f2b container following your instructions, which also seem to work (at least so far). I followed the above linked blog and (on the second attempt) got the fail2ban container running and detecting my logs, but I do get an error which (I'm assuming) actually blocks any of the ban behavior from taking effect: f2b | 2023-01-28T16:41:28.094008433Z 2023-01-28 11:41:28,093 fail2ban.actions [1]: ERROR Failed to execute ban jail 'npm-general-forceful-browsing' action 'action-ban-docker-forceful-browsing' info 'ActionInfo({'ip': '75.225.129.88', 'family': 'inet4', 'fid': at 0x7f0d4ec48820>, 'raw-ticket': at 0x7f0d4ec48ee0>})': Error banning 75.225.129.88. People really need to learn to do stuff without cloudflare. At what point of what we watch as the MCU movies the branching started? Premium CPU-Optimized Droplets are now available. Always a personal decision and you can change your opinion any time. real_ip_header CF-Connecting-IP; hope this can be useful. I'll be considering all feature requests for this next version. For that, you need to know that iptables is defined by executing a list of rules, called a chain. Big question: How do I set this up correctly that I can't access my Webservices anymore when my IP is banned? to your account. What I really need is some way for Fail2Ban to manage its ban list, effectively, remotely. And now, even with a reverse proxy in place, Fail2Ban is still effective. Maybe recheck for login credentials and ensure your API token is correct. This can be due to service crashes, network errors, configuration issues, and more. I've followed the instructions to a T, but run into a few issues. We need to create the filter files for the jails weve created. This change will make the visitors IP address appear in the access and error logs. Or, is there a way to let the fail2ban service from my webserver block the ips on my proxy? If the value includes the $query_string variable, then an attack that sends random query strings can cause excessive caching. For all we care about, a rules action is one of three things: When Fail2Ban matches enough log lines to trigger a ban, it executes an action. After you have surpassed the limit, you should be banned and unable to access the site. Depends. There are a few ways to do this. My mail host has IMAP and POP proxied, meaning their bans need to be put on the proxy. i.e. This is less of an issue with web server logins though if you are able to maintain shell access, since you can always manually reverse the ban. Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community. Personally I don't understand the fascination with f2b. Forward hostname/IP: loca IP address of your app/service. NginX - Fail2ban NginX navigation search NginX HTTP Server nginx [engine x] is a HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as a mail proxy server written by Igor Sysoev. Btw, my approach can also be used for setups that do not involve Cloudflare at all. I love the proxy manager's interface and ease of use, and would like to use it together with a authentication service. But i dont want to setup fail2ban that it blocks my proxy so that it gets banned and nobody can access those webservices anymore because blocking my proxys ip will result in blocking every others ip, too. The log shows "failed to execute ban jail" and "error banning" despite the ban actually happening (probably at the cloudflare level. I used to have all these on the same vm and it worked then, later I moved n-p-m to vm where my mail server is, and the vm with nextcloud and ha and other stuff is being tunelled via mullvad and everything still seems to work. actionban = iptables -I DOCKER-USER -s -j DROP, actionunban = iptables -D DOCKER-USER -s -j DROP, Actually below the above to be correct after seeing https://docs.rackspace.com/support/how-to/block-an-ip-address-on-a-Linux-server/. Proxying Site Traffic with NginX Proxy Manager. Proxy: HAProxy 1.6.3 Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, https://dash.cloudflare.com/profile/api-tokens. to your account, Please consider fail2ban Anyone reading this in the future, the reference to "/action.d/action-ban-docker-forceful-browsing" is supposed to be a .conf file, i.e. I just wrote up my fix on this stackoverflow answer, and itd be great if you could update that section section of your article to help people that are still finding it useful (like I did) all these years later. --The same result happens if I comment out the line "logpath - /var/log/npm/*.log". But, when you need it, its indispensable. For some reason filter is not picking up failed attempts: Many thanks for this great article! Would also love to see fail2ban, or in the meantime, if anyone has been able to get it working manually and can share their setup/script. WebWith the visitor IP addresses now being logged in Nginxs access and error logs, Fail2ban can be configured. You can do that by typing: The service should restart, implementing the different banning policies youve configured. After this fix was implemented, the DoS stayed away for ever. So as you see, implementing fail2ban in NPM may not be the right place. Hi, thank you so much for the great guide! I am definitely on your side when learning new things not automatically including Cloudflare. Well, i did that for the last 2 days but i cant seem to find a working answer. ! Almost 4 years now. filter=npm-docker must be specified otherwise the filter is not applied, in my tests my ip is always found and then banned even for no reason. Maybe something like creating a shared directory on my proxy, let the webserver log onto that shared directory and then configure fail2ban on my proxy server to read those logs and block ips accordingly? This will let you block connections before they hit your self hosted services. Hi @posta246 , Yes my fail2ban is not installed directly on the container, I used it inside a docker-container and forwarded ip ban rules to docker chains. Based on matches, it is able to ban ip addresses for a configured time period. Or save yourself the headache and use cloudflare to block ips there. Each jail within the configuration file is marked by a header containing the jail name in square brackets (every section but the [DEFAULT] section indicates a specific jails configuration). Wed like to help. I already used Cloudflare for DNS management only since my initial registrar had some random limitations of adding subdomains. Is it save to assume it is the default file from the developer's repository? Fail2Ban runs as root on this system, meaning I added roots SSH key to the authorized_keys of the proxy hosts user with iptables access, so that one can SSH into the other. I just cobbled the fail2ban "integration" together from various tutorials, with zero understanding of iptables or docker networking etc. Some update on fail2ban, since I don't see this happening anytime soon, I created a fail2ban filter myself. So I added the fallback_.log and the fallback-.log to my jali.d/npm-docker.local. Additionally I tried what you said about adding the filter=npm-docker to my file in jail.d, however I observed this actually did not detect the IP's, so I removed that line. You'll also need to look up how to block http/https connections based on a set of ip addresses. All of the actions force a hot-reload of the Nginx configuration. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, How to Unban an IP properly with Fail2Ban, Permanent block of IP after n retries using fail2ban. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, https://docs.rackspace.com/support/how-to/block-an-ip-address-on-a-Linux-server/. Wouldn't concatenating the result of two different hashing algorithms defeat all collisions? And those of us with that experience can easily tweak f2b to our liking. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. It works for me also. How would I easily check if my server is setup to only allow cloudflare ips? Graphs are from LibreNMS. Even with no previous firewall rules, you would now have a framework enabled that allows fail2ban to selectively ban clients by adding them to purpose-built chains: If you want to see the details of the bans being enforced by any one jail, it is probably easier to use the fail2ban-client again: It is important to test your fail2ban policies to ensure they block traffic as expected. Crap, I am running jellyfin behind cloudflare. We can use this file as-is, but we will copy it to a new name for clarity. Secure Your Self Hosting with Fail2Ban + Nginx Proxy Manager + CloudFlare 16,187 views Jan 20, 2022 Today's video is sponsored by Linode! Not exposing anything and only using VPN. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Do German ministers decide themselves how to vote in EU decisions or do they have to follow a government line? But if you take the example of someone also running an SSH server, you may also want fail2ban on it. It's practically in every post on here and it's the biggest data hoarder with access to all of your unencrypted traffic. Protecting your web sites and applications with firewall policies and restricting access to certain areas with password authentication is a great starting point to securing your system. The stream option in NPM literally says "use this for FTP, SSH etc." Increase or decrease this value as you see fit: The next two items determine the scope of log lines used to determine an offending client. rev2023.3.1.43269. Viewed 158 times. Well, iptables is a shell command, meaning I need to find some way to send shell commands to a remote system. My dumbness, I am currently using NPM with a MACVLAN, therefore the fail2ban container can read the mounted logs and create ip tables on the host, but the traffice from and to NPM is not going to the iptables of the host because of the MACVLAN and so banning does not work. The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: I agree on the fail2ban, I can see 2fa being good if it is going to be externally available. If fail to ban blocks them nginx will never proxy them. Nothing helps, I am not sure why, and I dont see any errors that why is F2B unable to update the iptables rules. Each fail2ban jail operates by checking the logs written by a service for patterns which indicate failed attempts. Every rule in the chain is checked from top to bottom, and when one matches, its applied. Next, we can copy the apache-badbots.conf file to use with Nginx. Evaluate your needs and threats and watch out for alternatives. for reference To do so, you will have to first set up an MTA on your server so that it can send out email. in this file fail2ban/data/jail.d/npm-docker.local The script works for me. Open the file for editing: Below the failregex specification, add an additional pattern. Google "fail2ban jail nginx" and you should find what you are wanting. Then the services got bigger and attracted my family and friends. This will allow Nginx to block IPs that Fail2ban identifies from the Nginx error log file. However, I still receive a few brute-force attempts regularly although Cloudflare is active. Modify the destemail directive with this value. And those of us with that experience can easily tweak f2b to our liking. If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? But anytime having it either totally running on host or totally on Container for any software is best thing to do. This container runs with special permissions NET_ADMIN and NET_RAW and runs in host network mode by default. Bitwarden is a password manager which uses a server which can be in nextcloud I define the trusted proxy like so in config.php: in ha I define it in configuration.yaml like so: Hi all, To learn how to use Postfix for this task, follow this guide. It is a few months out of date. Configure fail2ban so random people on the internet can't mess with your server. The findtime specifies an amount of time in seconds and the maxretry directive indicates the number of attempts to be tolerated within that time. The name is used to name the chain, which is taken from the name of this jail (dovecot), port is taken from the port list, which are symbolic port names from /etc/services, and protocol and chain are taken from the global config, and not overridden for this specific jail. findtime = 60, NOTE: for docker to ban port need to use single port and option iptables -m conntrack --ctorigdstport --ctdir ORIGINAL, my personal opinion nginx-proxy-manager should be ONLY nginx-proxy-manager ; as with docker concept fail2ban and etc, etc, you can have as separate containers; better to have one good nginx-proxy-manager without mixing; jc21/nginx-proxy-manager made nice job. We can create an [nginx-noscript] jail to ban clients that are searching for scripts on the website to execute and exploit. The condition is further split into the source, and the destination. In my opinion, no one can protect against nation state actors or big companies that may allied with those agencies. Is there a (manual) way to use Nginx-proxy-manager reverse proxies in combination with Authelia 2FA? If you are using volumes and backing them up nightly you can easily move your npm container or rebuild it if necessary. If not, you can install Nginx from Ubuntus default repositories using apt. We now have to add the filters for the jails that we have created. Is there any chance of getting fail2ban baked in to this? Sure, its using SSH keys, but its using the keys of another host, meaning if you compromise root on one system then you get immediate root access over SSH to the other. I really had no idea how to build the failregex, please help . On the other hand, f2b is easy to add to the docker container. Or can put SSL certificates on your web server and still hide traffic from them even if they are the proxy? Did you try this out with any of those? How can I recognize one? Already on GitHub? I also adjusted the failregex in filter.d/npm-docker.conf, here is the file content: Referencing the instructions that @hugalafutro mentions here: I attempted to follow your steps, however had a few issues: The compose file you mention includes a .env file, however you didn't provide the contents of this file. Just neglect the cloudflare-apiv4 action.d and only rely on banning with iptables. WebTo y'all looking to use fail2ban with your nginx-proxy-manager in docker here's a tip: In your jail.local file under where the section (jail) for nginx-http-auth is you need to add this line so is there a chinese version of ex. In this guide, we will demonstrate how to install fail2ban and configure it to monitor your Nginx logs for intrusion attempts. WebSo I assume you don't have docker installed or you do not use the host network for the fail2ban container. Want to be generous and help support my channel? You can see all of your enabled jails by using the fail2ban-client command: You should see a list of all of the jails you enabled: You can look at iptables to see that fail2ban has modified your firewall rules to create a framework for banning clients. Looking at the logs, it makes sense, because my public IP is now what NPM is using to make the decision, and that's not a Cloudflare IP. An action is usually simple. Your browser does not support the HTML5